Lvmh and Luxury Goods Marketing

1. Bernard Arnault has built LVMH into a luxury goods empire by making numerous acquisitions. Describe the strategy is being used here? Discuss why you agree or disagree with this type of strategy. If you disagree, what alternative tactics would you use? Actually Mr. Bernard Arnault, one of the richest men in the world who took control of LVMH in 1990, has been snapping up luxury brands during past two decades one after another. He has build LVMH into a luxury good empire by conducting a selective acquisition strategy with which I agree. Now LVMH has more than 60 brands under control and is still pursuing some others including the old famous family business; Hermes. LVMH structure is made up of Wines and Spirits, Fashion and Leather goods, Watches and Jewelry, Perfumes and Cosmetics and Selective Retailing. Although some may argue that there are issues such as lack of concentration on core business thereby exclusivity and rarity which are main characteristics of luxury brands can be faded, I firmly believe that not only has Mr. Arnault saved these special features of the business and is still focused on prestige, he has improved the profitability of each division by creating synergy between subsidiaries in terms of cost, corporate and management synergy. â€Å"Synergy, in general may be defined as two or more agents working together to produce a result not obtainable by any of the agent independently. Corporate synergy occurs when corporations interact congruently. A corporate synergy refers to a financial benefit that a corporation expects to realize when it merges with or acquires another corporation† (Synergy). As result of corporate synergy and this partnership, LVMH now has a bigger market share, wider range of products and less competition because the competitors are now members of the group and are all working together in a coordinated way. On top of that, they can take advantage of the existing selective retailing outlets to differentiate their products by adding value in their offering and demonstrate them as distinctive. Also, prestige, luxury and quality associated with the brand ‘LVMH’ influences every item being presented in these shops. â€Å"A cost synergy refers to the opportunity of a combined corporate entity to reduce or eliminate expenses associated with running a business. Cost synergies are realized by eliminating costs that are viewed as duplicate within the merged entity.† (Synergy) This means reducing; promotional and advertising costs, sales cost, shipping cost, travel cost and also some managerial cost such as certain executives, human resources and head quarters office cost which finally influences companies bottom-line. â€Å"Synergy in terms of management and in relation to team working refers to the combined effort of individuals as participants of the team. The condition that exists when the organization's parts interact to produce a joint effect that is greater than the sum of the parts acting alone† (Synergy) As stated in the text of this case study,† Arnault implemented a corporate restructuring that groups the company’s subsidiaries into divisions. Previously, the heads of individual subsidiaries reported directly to Arnault; now, division heads meet with him to discuss strategy. Notes Arnault, â€Å"It’s much more efficient, because it allows us to put into practice all the synergies between the different brands in a coordinated way.† Francesco Trapani, CEO of the Bulgari Gruop, the luxury brand recently acquired by LVMH, said: â€Å"The 2010 financial results show how the Company was able to brilliantly overcome the economic slump, reaping the benefits of the efficiency and cost containment strategy and therefore becoming more solid. At the same time, the intense creative and product development activity generated an even more competitive product offer, which enjoyed great success in all product categories.† (Knowel) He added: â€Å"At this positive moment of strong top-line growth, our alliance with the LVMH Group has created new synergies that will enable Bulgari to strengthen even more and pursue its long-term, worldwide growth.† (Knowel) In conclusion, I believe that Mr. Bernard Arnault has made LVMH into the word biggest luxury brand by adopting acquisition strategy and creating cost, corporate and management synergy between divisions of the group. 2. How do LVMH executives adjust prices in response to changing economic conditions, and why? In response to changing economic conditions, LVMH executives adjusted prices in sepcific ways in each market. In Asian markets, Patrick Choel, president of the perfume and cosmetics division has increased wholesale prices in order to discourage discount retailers from selling the products to consumers at low price. Instead, he has reduced the advertising budget to offset profitability in case the company faces a decline in sales. In countries where LVMH faced currency devaluation, managers raised the price to counteract the effect of currency depreciation. In Indonesia, the chairman of Vuitton, Mr. Yves Carcell canceled the plan for opening a new store. Since Japan market is sluggish and there has not been a sign of soon economic recovery, Japanese consumers are reluctant to invest in stock market. Mr. Arnault figured out the difference between Japan where most of his business is, and the rest of Asia. He noted: â€Å"Japan is in a growth slump, but it isn’t going to have the same difficulties as Korea or Indonesia†. Japanese had not many other spending option and executives decided to raise prices at Louis Vuittons Japanese store. Also Louis Vuiton manageres has worked closely with tour operators to predict the number of Japanese tourists traveling in Asia and to Hawaii whom 75% of sales depends on. At peak of tourism, they increase the price by 10 to 22 percent to maximize profit. Furthermore LVMH took advantage of crisis by renegotiating store leases in Asian cities. In some cases, the company extended lease terms longer than before and reduced the rate by as much as one-third which resulted saving for the company. The overall result has been an increase in price and the rationale behind this decision is the fact that price perception is a critical component of luxury goods’ appeal. In fact, executives know that sales volume would decline sharply due to the effect of crisis and they have lost a big number of their customers. It is not a good time for expansion and opening new stores, so they decided to stay focused on the narrow market segment of their loyal customers. Those who still had notable disposable income shaped a niche market which was still large enough to be profitable. On the other hand, LVMH helped profitability by reducing the cost and cutting expenditures on advertisements. This was the adjustment executives made as opposed to the other alternative; reducing the price and presenting products to a bigger number of consumers. 3. Explain why some customer might think the high retail prices charged for luxury goods are worth paying? As peoples income increases, they are more willing to buy luxury goods because the demand of luxury items increase as people get wealthier. According to wikipedia.com once the consumption of luxury was limited to the elite classes which meant whatever the poor cannot have and the elite can was identified as luxury. Consumers are willing to pay high prices for luxury goods because the brand is associated with quality, durability, scarcity and beauty. In fact, consumers pay for these values that they obtain by purchasing a luxury item. â€Å"Several researchers focus on exclusivity dimension and argue that luxury evokes a sense of belonging to a certain elite group. Prof. Jean-Noel Kapferer, takes an experiential approach and defines luxury as items which provide extra pleasure by flattering all senses at once† (Luxury). Using luxury goods is a lifestyle and shows the wealth of consumer. These can also be reasons behind why some pay high retail prices charged for such items. 4. How were luxury goods marketers affected by the slowdown in tourism that followed especially after the attacks of September 11, 2001? If we take a look at marketing mix, we can see what has been affected by slowdown in tourism is place, where a good or service is presented. Luxury goods are mainly presented in duty free shops at airports, in hotels and attractive places as tourist destinations. With the slowdown in tourism, as people are less willing to travel, airports hotels and attractive places are not that busy compared to the days before September 11 terrorist attack. Even those who still travel might care less about luxury because their main concern is security during the flight and at destination. I think this is how luxury goods marketers were affected by slowdown in tourism.

Story About My Life

My name is Fajita Streaks. I was born and raised in the beautiful city of monkeys called â€Å"Loopier†, which located in Thailand and was part of the Asia. I was born on October 19, 1993. 1 am a senior at Palatability High School. I am a good student with a 3. 6 grade point average. I am so proud to say that I am a hard working and dedicated student. Eve always put my best In everything that l. Eve done academically. I am not the type of person who gets put up to a big challenge and backs down.When I look at this picture of myself, I realize how much I've grown and hanged, not only physically, but also mentally as a person In the last couple of years. I'm thinking about enrolling In Faculty of Liberal Arts at Clang-Mall university which Is my best university ever. It has a good reputation with very qualified Instructors. And I'm sure that If I were a Clang-Mall University student, It will prepare me to make It appoint to become a flight attendant. I believe a great amount of effort, patience, and practice to Clang-Mall university and myself can get what I want to be. The surface I think I am like most young and modern Tall women: I take school seriously, I have dreams and goals for the future that I am determined to make happen, and I don't expect anyone to do the hard work for me. But there is only one thing that I can tell you who I am and how different I am. I am not kind of person who giving up everything easily. I spend most of my time with lots of book. If I want something badly, I'll will do everything to get it. I can say that Some people have a natural ability to do anything and master it, So do l.I have proven that I am a good worker by putting my effort into everything I do and excel in my daily routine. In order to be a good student you must not let opportunities slip by. I plan to make my college education a well rounded and broadening one that hopefully will allow me to explore both my academic and liberal arts interests so that wherever t he future takes me I will have a solid foundation upon which to build my dream career. At last, I hope I am right for your Faculty of Liberal Arts and your university.

Reasoning for Animal Extinction: a Zoo Essay

Zoo Essay Reasoning for animal extinction There are many reasons for animal extinction in the wild, here are some of them: Some animals due to adaptive radiation can become more effective in hunting and reproducing which increases their chance of survival and their ammount of offspring which means the other animals become more prone to decline in numbers. However, there are reasons for animal extinction as a result of human action: Habitat Destruction – Animal Habitats are often destroyed in construction of homes, roads etc.Tree's (deforestation), ponds and other types of habitats are removed in order to make room for this type of construction. Pollution – Pollution and climate change have seen a lot of animals become endangered. Acid rain has caused many marine animals to become extinct due to the change in pH of their habitat. Melting ice caps due to changes in C02 levels has resulted in many animals in the north/south pole become extinct. Hunting/Fishing – Man y animals have become endagered due to excessive human hunting of the animals for their fur, meat, bones etc.Why are the species of the Philippine Islands endangered? The species of the Philippine islands have become endangered due to mass deforestation. The majority of the forestry in the Philippines has now been lost, eliminating habitats for species present there. There are also low population numbers of species in islands due to a limited geographic range and animals are limited to a small space so potential for finding better land for a habitat is very small. Are there any endangered British species? Yes, the European otter is endangered due to habitat destruction and pollution. Also, the door mouse has become endangered because of destruction of woodland habitat. The Giraffe and the Okapi The giraffe and the Okapi are both examples of Adaptive Radiation. They both have a common ancestor but both have very different sized necks. A mutation has cause some of the offspring of the ir common ancestor to either have a very long neck, which is ideal for reaching food in tall trees, or a very small neck to reach small shrubs near the ground. This mutation has allowed the organism to become more successful in feeding and therefore in survival and so has become a better adaptation for the organism.Zoo's responsibility in conservation of animals Zoo's have an important role in conservation of animals as a part of the income of the zoo's is used for animal conservation such as building habitats for animals and educating locals around the world on the endangerment of these animals, mainly in places where these animals are succumb to poaching for skin, meat and bones etc. Some people may consider keeping animals in captivity cruel but if the animal is endangered it can be protected in captivity so they can produce offspring that could be released into the wild to boost population numbers.

Executive Summery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Executive Summery - Essay Example The business plan was developed with the aim of obtaining start-up financing through bank loans. Conservative financial projections indicate that the firm will incur a loss during its first operating year although it will show a tidy profit by the last quarter of the first year. The strategy is to increase the sales by 50% each succeeding year by hiring more employees and establishing two more branches within the neighborhood of the target market segment which are teenagers who ideally attend the same school and live within the same local residential area. This firm has a strong social orientation in the sense it will market these video games to make profits and also a social impact by positively changing the wrong public perceptions about video games as educational as well as entertaining to the video gamers. Towards this objective, it will work cooperatively with non-governmental organizations (NGOs), the media, and advocacy groups to promote awareness of environmental issues like the global warming phenomenon and climate change (Pugari & Wright, 1999) by using social media marketing

Science and Society Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Science and Society Questions - Essay Example Though, many US scientists were against the launching of the nuclear weapons, the attacks still went on spearheaded by the government. This gives a dilemma as to whether the responsibility of controlling the nuclear weapons relies on the scientists or the community (Andreis and calogero 76). The only instance when atomic bombs were used was in Nagasaki. During this incidence, many lives were lost and so many people deformed. Science is supposed to protect and advance human knowledge, but not to end or reduce human race. Controlling nuclear weapons’ use should be the responsibility of scientists, as they know the damage the weapons can cause to mankind and the environment (Krieger 6). Eistein, a German exile scientist who gave President Franklin Roosevelt the idea of using atomic bombs later on, regretted and wished he had launched a watch for the nuclear weapons. It is clear that the scientists cannot control the use of nuclear weapons, as the governments of many countries are in control, and that is why the US government went ahead and attacked Japan, even when some scientists did not approve of the step (Andreis and Calogero 6). Controlling the use of nuclear weapons should be collective responsibility, undertaken by the scientists, the community and the government. This is the only way to ensure that, scientists get to do their work of invention and innovation, and that the government and the community do not interfere with the scientific work or discredit the work done by the scientists (Weeramantry 227). Russell Eistein believed that, scientists should participate in the control of nuclear weapons’ use because; scientific work aims at creating a paradise for people to live in, and if they do not control the use of nuclear, they will be creating universal death instead (Weeramanrty 228). The international law affirms the responsibility of scientists and the community in controlling the use of nuclear weapons, by making it a crime against human ity to produce, use, possesses, test or even deploy nuclear weapons. This shows that, it is not only the scientists who should prevent the use of nuclear weapons, but also the community. As much as science should be allowed to take its course, research and invention of harmful and dangerous substances like nuclear weapons should not be given room to thrive. This is evidenced by the damage done to Japan by the nuclear weapons. Question 1b It is true that, technology plays a major role in polluting the environment and causing climatic change. This is, however, not the only contributor as other factors like natural phenomena and man’s activities also do contribute to climatic change and pollution (NASA 3). I disagree with the statement that technology is ultimately responsible for the current pollution problem and climatic change, and so the control of technology should rest with the scientists. This is because, technology is not the only contributor to pollution, and hence shou ld not bear the responsibility of controlling technology alone (NASA 4). The outputs of technology like motor vehicles, industrialization, factories and chemicals have immensely contributed to pollution and hence, climate change. This is in collaboration with the natural factors like eruption of harmful gases, natural minerals and volcanic eruptions, together with man’

MOD 4 SLP FIN Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MOD 4 SLP FIN - Essay Example For the fiscal year 2011, Dell has planned to open up company owned stores and service centre in some of the developing Asian countries to target the maturing market and get the maximum chunk of the market share. Currently the country under observation is one where Dell has been observing a significant share being taken away by Acer due to provision of services locally and the rest being threatened by HP/Compaq. Dell plans to start with opening up 3 stores in that country. Each store would cost $300,000 for acquisition of commercial land plus $100,000 to make it running along with inventory of laptops, desktops and other accessories (working capital). Thus the total initial investment required is around $400,000 for each of the 3 stores/service centers. It is expected that Revenues will increase by $900,000 each year if the company implements the new project. Operating Expenses will increase by $600,000 in the following years. We assume that the tax bracket in the country in which Dell will be operating is 35%. There are several issues involved in projecting cash flows, revenues, and expenses and above all getting the project through the management team and getting the majority shareholders to approve a project when competition is fierce and profit margins are shrinking. The cost estimation of the initial outlay is estimated by the product/business development department whereas revenue forecasting is the responsibility of the sales/marketing department. Operating costs are estimated by the various officers like the finance manager, accountant and tax experts of the company. There can be several issues in projecting the cash flows. A major concern is the over or under estimation due to few biases or lack of experience about such projects. Secondly the errors can be due to inadequate capital rationing, not considering the salvage values and ignoring sometimes the

Employment Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Employment Law - Essay Example The long run effect of the law is emergence of an active and vibrant economy. However, implementation of the Act has faced various challenges. For instance, there are many ways of defining comparable worth that creates confusion.Despite enactment of the law, statistics shows that the labour market is still gender biased when valuing work. Females are still underpaid compared to male workers. The Family Medical Leave and the Pregnancy Discrimination Acts provide protection for family related situations. What are the four most critical elements an employer needs to know about the Family Medical Leave Act. Identify examples of pregnancy discrimination. Indicate whether there is any justifiable reason to deny a pregnant woman a job and explain why or why not. The employer should give a twelve week unpaid leave to employees that have served the organization for more than twelve months. The employer must continue providing group health plan benefits despite the worker’s absence from work. Under the Act, employers are required to publish a notice informing employees of their rights to leave (Meyers, 2005). Employees are supposed to notify their bosses of the intended leave thirty days prior to the leave. An employee that calls in sick is entitled to leave. An example of pregnancy discrimination is where an employer takes punitive measures on a pregnant employee who fails to fulfill her obligations due to medical complications related to her pregnancy. Additionally, failing to hire or promote a woman due to her pregnancy is pregnancy discrimination. Sometimes a pregnant woman can be denied a job, and this might not constitute to pregnancy discrimination. If the job to be undertaken is risky and poses a threat to a woman’s pregnancy then denying her the job is not discriminatory. However, such denial of job can be discriminatory if it is evident that the work is not reasonably risky to her

Organisational Behaviour of Apple Inc Assignment

Organisational Behaviour of Apple Inc - Assignment Example OB is determined by numerous factors in the organization including individual characteristics, group mechanisms, as well as organizational mechanisms; all these factors are directly responsible for both OB as well as organizational effectiveness eventually. Individual factors include levels of motivation, satisfaction, stress, which become the essential determinants of the levels of commitment of people to the organization; personality and cultural values are the main variables of these individual mechanisms. Group mechanisms exert significant influence on individuals since people at the workplace often belong and work in one or more work teams that are led by some formal leader; group dynamics influence motivation, satisfaction, stress, as well as trust and learning in the organization. Eventually, individuals and teams are grouped into the larger organizational structure that also affects satisfaction, stress, motivation among other dynamics; the organizational structure determines the linkages between the various groups, which may either be decentralized or centralized around a central decision-making authority. Besides the organizational structure, organizations also possess an organizational culture that captures a shared knowledge concerning the fundamental values and believes about the way things are done in the organization thereby consequently influencing the attitudes and behaviors of employees significantly. This paper will conduct a case analysis of the OB of Apple Inc from the individual factors perspective, the group dynamics perspective, and the organizational mechanisms perspective; prior to the case evaluation, this paper will highlight the major challenges faced by Apple Inc and a theoretical framework.

What do you understand by the term racism Using examples from one of Essay - 1

What do you understand by the term racism Using examples from one of the areas of policy we have covered, explain the existence of racism in contemporary Brit - Essay Example Upon making contact with the natives of these lands, the Westerners had the idea of dominating and subjugating the populace of these lands for providing them cheap labour etc to get benefited from the already existing bountiful resource base. The Renaissance had of course given a fillip to dynamism of ideas in Europe but these ideas were meant only to elevate the immediate environment and such enlightenment was not required for experimentation in the lands which were later to be colonized. It was a deliberate policy devised at the highest levels and its implementation was ensured to keep the status-quo in favour of the would-be colonizers intact. This probably must explain the background in respect of all that we associate racism currently with. And wherever the European colonizers went, they had neither any compulsion to neither extend respect to the way of life under their territories nor incorporate whatever wisdom these lands had to offer in return. Earlier, similar enterprises by powers other than those of Europe and the West also exhibited the same pattern (1). Arabs also under the zeal of their religion became colonial powers and controlled far more territories permitted by their strength in their time. In so far as a comparison is sought to be drawn between Arabs and the West, the former did understand their people and themselves changed in a way that suited their political and social correctness. The Westerns did not learn the same from Arabs despite their same religious and civilizational origins in the Semitic nature of their religion and culture. Racism is generally nourished as a sort of belief that the races have distinctive cultural characteristics determined by hereditary factors and that endows some races with an intrinsic superiority. This belief accordingly involves abuse and aggressive behaviour towards members of another race. Social scientists are of the opinion that ethnic groups have or do create a sense of grouping

My Proficiency in English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

My Proficiency in English - Essay Example Bilingual speakers have a great understanding of their new cultures and they are able to interact effectively with individuals from the foreign region. Speaking a different language enables an individual to gain communicative competence, therefore, emphasizing the role of circumstances and context under which language is used appropriately and accurately. Speaking a second language equips individuals with important skills that are required in a new-culture environment. Learning a second language contributes towards learning cultural practices of the community that speaks the specific language. Without a hint of doubt, English is a fascinating language – a language that, in my view, everyone should learn. This is especially considering that across the world, it is commonly spoken and used as a national Language. I may not have my statistics right but I presume English is only second to French in terms of popularity in the International arena. With relative confidence, I may sta te that in every single country, you will find at least one person that speaks the Queen’s dialect. Like Tan states, â€Å"I am not a scholar of English or literature† and my aim is not to write about the popularity of English as a language spoken internationally but to narrate how I got to learn English. Apart from the occasional English words that I heard from a neighbor who was a white man, my first formal encounter with English was in primary school. In grade one, we started being introduced to the English alphabet and simple English words. We were also taught how to count in English. Slowly but surely, I got to learn how to scribble English words on the little books we were given, sometimes without understanding what the words meant. My enthusiasm grew with time about learning new things and I kept trying to read and recall whatever I had learnt. At 13 years of age, I started reading with relative ease. One of the books I first read was Superman. Like Alexie state s, â€Å"Simple enough, I suppose. I cannot recall which particular Superman comic book I read, nor can I remember which villain he fought in that issue† (Alexie par. 1). Surprisingly, I realized that I understood whatever I read in the book. I realized once that the song the white man taught us was being taught to our superiors in class. It is then that I realized that we were learning the language of the white man. I knew then that I had overcome a barrier and was facing a world that previously was unknown to me. I could at least understand what the white man was saying to an extent. My interest in learning English continued to grow and I continued to seek and read more English books. I read several children’s books and articles including Learning to Read, an excerpt from The Autobiography of Malcolm X, and Mother Tongue by Amy Tan, and gradually learnt the English culture. Of course, I also learnt to read and write using the Chinese alphabet. By the time I was doing my eighth grade, my English was remarkable going by the comments that my teachers made. I often got rewards for scoring higher than my peers in English. This served as a good motivation to work even harder and learn more of the language. I credit my success in learning English at the elementary level to my long time English teacher and parents. Without the encouragement of these personalities, I really would not have learnt that much that I have today. In spite of the constraints that they experienced back then, my parents took it upon themselves to buy me the required textbooks for school and additional books to ensure that my ambition was actualized. I got to learn a lot of vocabularies in high school. Here, I met fellow enthusiasts some of whom were a challenge to me. They seemed to know the language more than I did. I learnt a lot from them and from my teachers. Learning literature in high school as part of the course work helped to a great extent. I encountered many words and corrected some errors I had been making in my speech

Advertising and Segmentation Brief Analysis Essay

Advertising and Segmentation Brief Analysis - Essay Example It has become a household brand and a generic name that always signifies the product as a window or glass cleaner. Recently it has also widened its range by even being used for other surface cleaners like the counter tops. 2) Create a detailed profile of the consumers that would likely purchase this item Windex range offers four products, a powdered or crystal form of Windex that can be used to clean bathtubs, wash basins, and kitchen sinks, a multi surface cleaner in the spray bottle that can be used to clean any smooth surface specially kitchen counters, marble tops, patios, stoves, Windex original is used to clean glass surfaces of windows and other glass tops as well in fact Windex is used as glass cleaner in general. The most innovative and the market leading product is the Windex outdoor, it has mop like cloth piece that can be attached to a rod that can be used to clean lawn’s glass doors. The product is like a gift from heaven for everyone. The most targeted customers are the housewives; they are the ones who are the main customers when households are concerned. They are usually responsible for the purchasing of grocery and other such house maintenance goods. The other users for Windex are bar owner and hoteliers; they purchase Windex in larger quantities for the mirrors in the lobbies, washrooms and bedrooms. Every person who is willing to have their glass surfaces cleaned is the target market for Windex. It’s a medium priced product and therefore, there are no affordability issues. It is a generic brand but not a premium brand and therefore, an affordable one(Muniz &O’Guinn, 2001). 3) Clearly identify which segment the attached advertisements are targeting and the bases for the segmentation. The segment that Windex targets are household and it also targets the whole of the window cleaning industry. But majorly they are targeting only glass users. They have been around in the industry for so long that despite people trying to make their own place in the industry they have practically failed to get hold of the market share of Windex. Windex came forward and introduced the all surface cleaner, this helped people again go for the Windex brand as it had already an established and trusted image in the cleaning sector. People went for the one brand that is already trusted. Their basic target markets are families and the offices at a lower level, at a major level their major target market is the window cleaning businesses. They had recently launched a pouch refill as well. This helped them make their own product more economical, this was specifically done to target the households. Mothers/wives found it better to purchase the bottled Windex once only then later use pouches to refill them. This way they also project a more environmental friendly image as they reduced the usage of bottles. 4) Identify the details in the advertisements that suggest the common needs of the consumers. The most conveyed message through th e ads of Windex is the importance of clear glass. They have conveyed this ad through a few demonstrations that they did in the middle of the city and which surprised the citizens. The technique that they have used here is a very unique one, it is guerilla marketing that is being used to target the customers. Similarly the recent ad about the cleaning of the window which uses two birds who decide to annoy the person at home spending his time leisurely, so that he spends rest of his time cleaning the glass, the person has Windex he sprays it on the glass and the spot disappears in seconds and the birds are disappointed. This type of portrayal of the product emphasizes the fact that the product cleans the spots or smudges very swiftly and without much effort. 5) Identify any cues and why they may used. In

Race and Alabaster Essay Example for Free

Race and Alabaster Essay Othello and Desdemona’s marriage was doomed from the start. Even considering the racial nature of the marriage, his lack of a constant home, and the improper method of his courting, there is another reason why their marriage would never have worked. Othello’s label of Desdemona prevents him from considering her a person. He thinks of her instead as superior to himself in every way, to the point that she is a god. Her race, beauty, and status make her godly in his mind. Because Othello thinks of Desdemona as â€Å"Alabaster†(5. 2.5) he will never consider her capable of responding to his love. Because Othello is at his wit’s end when he refers to her as â€Å"Alabaster†, he is speaking out of his heart. After Othello reads the letter from Venice, he begins to speak in less cohesive manner. For instance the line, â€Å"Pish! Noses, ears, and lips. Isn’t Possible? Confess! Handkerchief! O devil! †(4. 1. 42) contains none of Othello’s former eloquence. He begins to speak with word association, rather than in complete sentences. For instance, the word â€Å"confess! † brings up the word â€Å"Handkerchief!†, and â€Å"devil! †. Because Desdemona, the handkerchief, and the sense of maliciousness were on his mind so much, he begins to express with abstract words and ideas instead of sentences. Although this makes his lines harder to read, they show us what he is constantly thinking of. Instead of clear and concise lines, they are a torrent of his true feelings. Therefore when he describes Desdemona as â€Å"Alabaster†, we can be sure it is his inner picture of her. Alabaster’s beauty gives you an idea about his feelings of bodily inferiority to her. Alabaster is a naturally beautiful stone, used by ancient Egyptians and Chinese to make statues and vases. This word choice gives the reader a sense of his feelings of inadequacy to Desdemona. He is never said to be ugly, on the contrary, he is described as â€Å"far more fair than black†(1. 3. 291). He must have felt some sensitivity about his physical appearance. In contrast, he describes her face as â€Å"fair as Dian’s visage†(3. 3. 389), Dian most likely being the god of healing in Celtic mythology. This implies both beauty and health. He then goes on to say â€Å"begrimed and black as mine own face†(3. 3. 390). Othello superimposes her clean and young white face with his grimy old black face. The fact that he believed her to be unfaithful with Cassio further proves his insecurity. Cassio is a clean white man with golden hair. Cassio is all of the beauty that Othello can not be, and is therefore able to provide something that he cannot. This makes Cassio a threat to Othello’s masculinity. Othello most likely gains this opinion of Cassio from his nonchalant attitude. When Cassio says â€Å"I never knew a woman love man so†(4. 1. 111) Othello immediately jumps to the conclusion that he is referring to himself and Desdemona. Othello is on the offensive with Cassio without any proof, simply because of his physical appearance. Alabaster’s smooth white surface illustrates the racial inferiority he feels to Desdemona. Race plays an enormous part in Othello’s relationship with Desdemona. Although he is an upstanding citizen and a good solder he is still unfit to marry because of his race. A reoccurring theme in the way that people refer to Othello is that of a great black beast. He is often described as an â€Å"Old black ram†(1. 1. 87) or a â€Å"Barbary Horse†(1. 1. 110). There is a sense that he is animalistic, even though in real life he is sophisticated and civilized. This spiteful talk is a back-handed reminder that he is a moor. The constant inference that he is a beast may have caused him to believe it himself. Othello believes that Desdemona could not love an ugly animal like himself. This puts her sincerity into doubt when she says that she loves him. Alabaster is a rock, and can not return any feelings of love that Othello gives to it. This is part of a feeling that Desdemona is something elemental and beyond him. For instance in the same speech he describes her as having â€Å"Promethean heat†(5. 2. 12), Prometheus being the god that stole fire for man. Therefore â€Å"Promethean heat† would refer to the element of fire in its purest form, something divine and primeval. He also says that her death should bring â€Å"A huge eclipse of sun and moon†(5. 2. 97). This paints her as something cosmic in scale, so large and important that the entire universe should be changed in her passing. Othello puts her on a different scale than himself. When he dies he says only that â€Å"in your letters†¦ [you should] speak of me as I am†(5. 2. 338). While he is normal, she is a cosmic and divine being, unfit to love a mortal like himself. This creates insecurity in Othello. He begins to ask how can a rock, or fire, or a star in the night sky love him? Because of his high view of her, he creates a complex of his own insignificance. From his point of view, Desdemona is unable to love him because she is too elemental to have emotion. Othello has, put simply, encased Desdemona in alabaster. He has formed an opinion of her that she is unable to break free of. Because he has so strongly locked her into this state of mind he is unable to think of him in any other way. She is so high up on the pedestal that he puts her on that he is unable to see who she truly is. This is Othello’s failing. By making her too powerful, too divine, any minor fault is a glaring defect to her immaculate surface. Then at the first flaw, she becomes low and nothing, and he needs to return her to her former glory. He must â€Å"Quench thee†¦ [and] again they former light restore†(5. 2. 9). He fails to see her love through her alabaster covering.

The importance of public policy

The importance of public policy INTRODUCTION Public policy refers to the action or inaction of the government on an issue(s) (Thomas 2001 cited in Buse et al 2005). It sets hierarchy by carrying out the choices of those with the command of authority in the public. This makes public policy change very complex as various individuals, organisations and even the state have conflicting interest and capacities. There is therefore the need for coherence of interest/capacities in an attempt to effect a change (Colebatch 2002). AIM: The aim of this paper is to explain the strategies that would be used to effect a change in public policy on road safety in Nigeria. Health Issue and Public Health Importance: Road Traffic Collision (RTC) is a major public health issue globally. It is defined as personal injury resulting from collision of a vehicle with another vehicle(s) or a pedestrian, occurring on the public highway or footways (Worcestershire County Council 2010). The Situation Globally: RTC accounts for over 1.2 million deaths with about 20 to 50 million non fatal injuries (a major cause of disability) occurring annually. It is the 9th leading cause of death globally and is estimated to rise to be the 5th leading cause of death by year 2030 (with about 2.4 million fatalities per year) out ranking public health issues like tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS (presently the 5th leading cause of death) and diarrhoea diseases (WHO 2008). This means that by the year 2030, RTC will be perceived as deadly as HIV/AIDS is today, if urgent action is not taken. The global losses due to road traffic injuries are estimated to cost about 518 billion USD, costing the government between 1 3 % of its gross national product (WHO 2009a). Nigeria: Nigeria is Africas most populous country, with an estimated population size of about 151,319,500 (World Bank 2010). It is one of the 10 countries with the highest Road traffic death rates in the world (WHO 2009a). RTA is the commonest cause of death from unintentional injuries/ public violence in the country (Nigeria Watch 2007). Usoro (2010) stated that there are about 30,000 accidents with about 35,000 casualties occurring yearly. About 90 persons are killed or injured daily and about 4 persons dies or get injured every hour from RTA. He argues that the figures are underestimated because of poor reporting and poor recording of road accidents in the country. Low socio economic groups have been found to be at higher risk of road traffic injuries (Thomas et al 2004) and they are less likely to have the capacity to bear the direct or indirect cost related to RTA. They are faced with more poverty burden as they lose their bread winner; lose earnings while caring for the injured or disabled, the cost for funeral and prolonged health care (DFID 2003). RTC has its greatest impact among the young and is the third leading cause of death between ages 5 45years (WHO 2009) with a reduction in the Countrys productive force, further worsening the economic situation, thus affecting the country achieving its MDGS 1 AND 4. The major causes of RTC in Nigeria are; high speed, alcohol, bad roads, poor vehicle conditions etc (Usoro 2010). Although there is limited literature to show the different percentages of the causes of RTC in Nigeria, high speed is most implicated in low income countries (WHO 2009). Studies have shown that a 5% increase in average speed can result in approximately 20% increase in fatal crashes (Transport Research centre 2006) and with a 1mph reduction in average speed there is a reduction in accident injuries by 5% (Finch et al 1994). The introduction of speed cameras in the Isle of Wight, UK resulted in an 83% reduction of speed on the island (Environment and Transport select Committee 2004). Reducing speed has also been shown to have positive effects on health outcomes e.g. reducing respiratory problems associated with health outcomes (Transport Research Centre 2006). There is therefore urgent need for action to prevent this future pandemic. PROPOSED CHANGE (POLICY CONTENT): Introduction of speed cameras and enforcement of speed limits on Nigerian roads. Enforcement of speed limits via mobile cameras has been shown to be the single most effective strategy for reducing fatality from RTC (Chisom and Naci 2008). It is thus most rational among other rational strategies but has to muddle its way through the policy process. Hence the nature of change follows the mixed scanning model. For better understanding of the complex multifaceted nature of policy making, the proposed policy change is seen as passing through a process taking place in a particular context influenced by the participants/actors (the policy analysis triangle) (Buse et al 2005). THE POLICY PROCESS: The policy process can be broken down into series of stages called the ‘stages heuristic (Sabatier and Jenkins-smith cited in Buse et al. 2005).It provides a theoretical framework for understanding the times and places where tactical approaches can be applied to influence policy change (Buse et al 2005). Before going on with the policy process, it will be worthwhile understanding the countrys policy context as this will assist in shaping the process. THE NIGERIAN POLICY CONTEXT: The proposed health policy change can be affected by the following contextual factors (Leichter 1979): Situational factors: This includes the increasing wide spread public awareness and burden caused by RTA in the country as stated above. Cultural factors: There are about 250 ethnic groups (Hausa, Igbo, Yoruba been the major ethnic groups) in Nigeria. The major religions are Christianity, Islamism, traditional beliefs. These major religious and ethnic groups are the most politically influential and most populous in the country (CIA 2009). Most people believe that road accident is spiritual and is caused by evil spirits (Sarma 2007). Hence the religious leaders, traditional/ethnic group leaders will play an important role in convincing their followers and improving ownership for community support and policy implementation success. International factors: Road safety issues have increased in momentum on the global agenda (termed the decade of action) with an ambitious target to reduce road fatalities by year 2020. It is supported by international bodies such as WHO, WB, DFID, FIA foundation and other UN organisation (Commission for global road safety 2009). These bodies will thus have an impact on the formulation of policies, funding, dialogue, planning, and advocacy guidelines for any country embarking on a road safety policy initiative. Structural Factors: (a) Political system: Nigeria is a democratic federation with levels of authority expressed at the federal, state and local government areas. There are 36 states and the federal capital territory, 774 LGAs further divided into 9555 wards (the lowest political unit in the country). There are 3 arms of government, the Executive arm, Judiciary and the Legislature at the federal and state levels. The legislative arm comprises of the upper house (the senate) and the lower house (the House of Representatives) elected from the state senatorial districts and the constituencies respectively. Each state has an elected governor, the house of assembly, an executive council with powers to make laws. Each local government area has an elected executive chairman and an elected legislative council of members from electoral wards. The state government has substantial autonomy and control over the allocation and utilization of their resources (WHO 2009b). The Federal Road Safety Commission: This is the lead agency that regulates, enforces and coordinates all road safety management activities at both the national, state and LGA level through their special marshals (Volunteer arm) and regular marshals (Uniformed). They play a major role in determining and enforcing speed limits for various types of roads and vehicles (FRSC 2010). They receive assistance from the police, civil defence corps, NGOS etc. (b) Civil societies, NGOs form e.g. RAPSON, APRI, SAVAN, and interest groups are key actors in public policy making and can participate at the committee stages of how a bill becomes a law. (c)Socio economic situation: Nigeria is classified as a low income group country with a gross national income per capital of $930 (WHO 2009a).This can affect getting the road safety policy on the agenda among many other competing health issues. To the ease the policy issue from the agenda setting to implementation and evaluation, a stakeholder analysis is very important. STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS: It helps to key Actors; assess their interest, power, alliance, position and importance in relation to the policy. It will help to identify and act to prevent misunderstanding and opposition to the policy (Schmeer 2000). AGENDA SETTING: This step involves getting the issue onto the policy agenda from among other issues that can potentially be of interest to policy makers (Buse et al 2005). Kingdon (1984) proposed that policies get on the agenda through 3 independent streams (problem, politics and policy stream) which converge at a point called the policy window. This is the point a policy change is most likely to occur. Mobilising the Media: McCombs and Shaw (1972) first developed the agenda setting theory, showing a strong correlation between media agenda and the public agenda on US presidential campaigns in 1968, 1972 and 1976. The media, been successful in telling the public what to think about (University of Twente 2004), will be mobilised to influence the publics opinion and consequently the government through TV and radio programmes/ News, News papers and articles from professional bodies with emphasis on the magnitude and possible solution to reducing the mortality from road traffic accidents. Restriction can also be made to misleading adverts which will encourage speed. Personal experience of RTC (direct or indirect) could be a more powerful teacher than the media (University of Twente 2004) but both will complement each other in improving the public agenda and subsequently the policy agenda. POLICY FORMULATION AND ADOPTION: This involves the steps taken after the issue is placed on the agenda up till when it is implemented. This part of the process strongly lies in the domain of the legislators which determines how a bill becomes law and is implemented as shown below: Formulation Strategies: To keep the issue on the agenda through this stage, there is need for: Continuous campaigns and Advocacy: Grassroots lobbying (mobilizing the public to contact legislators or other policy makers about the problem) and Direct Lobbying (Phone calls, writing of letters, face to face interactions), Mass Support by attending committee meetings, Informing international stakeholders that the issue is on the agenda, Bargaining for supporters from the legislators to improve Alliance. POLICY IMPLEMENTATION: This involves the process by which a policy is turned into practice (Buse et al 2005). The bottom -up approach (Lipsky 1980) will be a very good approach for the implementation such that there is flow of information from the implementers to the policy makers. However, attempt will be made to include the top-down approach in order to minimise deviation from the intended policy outcome. The implementation process would require time and resources and should be a gradual process. It would be worthwhile having a pilot project in an area identified by researchers to have a high mortality from RTA before implementation at a National level. Initial rapid needs assessment: The road safety system would be assessed to find out what is needed. The team should include; the police, road safety commission, researchers, health economist, NGOs, the NURTW, Volunteers, medical teams, Health policy analyst, the media, ministry of transport, support from developmental partners, community/religious leaders and involving the government at all levels. The assessment will provide scientific, managerial and technological functions of the policy from planning to evaluation. On identification of the specific needs, the implementation work plan will be drawn. Community/religious leaders will play a key role in advocating within their communities/religious groups in convincing their followers that RTC can be prevented and is not spiritual. Implementation schedule: Legislation to specify speed limits applicable to different types of roads. Identifying strategic check points which should be areas identified to have a relatively high RTC resulting from high speed. Random positioning of the team to monitor vehicle speed with the mobile speed cameras Fines to be paid by violators will be fixed and revenue generated be used for maintain and purchase of speed cameras. License suspension of violators who violates the law over a specific number of times as will be stated. The use of publicity to inform the public on the new law, its benefits and penalties. EVALUATION AND FEEDBACK: Buse et al (2005 p) defines evaluation as research designed specifically to assess the operation and or impact of a programme or policy in order to determine whether the programme or policy is worth pursuing further The engineering model suggests that ideally there should be a direct relationship between research findings and policy decisions but however this is completely not applicable as there tends to be gaps between the two communities. Advocacy coalition is needed to reduce this gap and should include improving the knowledge of policy makers by providing a range of different research reports via the media, conferences and seminars, ensuring that major policies have evaluations built into their budgets and implementation plans and establish intermediate institutions to review research and determine its policy implications e.g. NICE in England and Wales (Buse et al 2005). The evaluation process will involve the use of the formative evaluation (qualitative-observations, semi-structured interviews, focus groups, progress reports) at the early stage to provide advice to policy makers. It may then be used to modify and develop the program. It will also involve the use of a summative evaluation (quantitative- morbidity and mortality rates) which measures outcome and the extent to which the programme has met its objectives. Evaluation of the performance: Speed limit enforcement will also be done at the micro, meso and macro levels. The micro level will include accessing performance of the teams at the district levels, the effectiveness of the enforcement protocols used, the level of corruption and any implementation gaps. The meso level will include accessing performance at the organisation level which will include the time taken to attend to offenders when referred to the road safety centres, and their role assisting and supervising the team at the district level. The macro level: this involves accessing financing of the programme and its function at the national or international level. CONCLUSION: The policy process is a cyclical process occurring in the environment of a changing political context. There is thus the need for continuous advocacy coalition networking, monitoring and evaluation at all times. However, other causes of RTC such as bad roads, drinking and driving which are not fully implemented in the country should not be neglected as future plans should be made to further reduce the burden of RTC to the barest minimum. The implementation of the mobile speed cameras and speed limit enforcement will help reduce RTC mortalities and disabilities, improve research and also quality of life thereby unlocking growth and freeing resources for use on other health concerns with the view of achieving the MDGs. References: Aeron-Thomas, A., Jacobs, G.D., Sexton, B. 2004. The involvement and impact of road crashes on the poor : Bangladesh and India case studies [Online]. Available at: www.grsproadsafety.org//The%20Poor_final%20final%20report.pdf. [Accessed: 9 March 2010]. Buse, K., Mays, N. and Walt, G. 2005. Making health policy. Maidenhead: Open University Press. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). 2009. The world fact book- Nigeria [Online]. Available at: http://www.cia.gov/library/publication/the -world-factbook/print/ni.html. [Accessed: 23 February 2010]. Commission for global road safety. 2009. A decade for action for road safety: a brief planning document [Online]. Available at: www.makeroadssafe.org/publications//doa_booklet_v2.pdf. [Accessed: 24 February 2010]. Department for International Development. 2003. Guildlines for estimating the cost of road traffic crashes in developing countries [online]. Available at: www.transport-links.org/transport_links/filearea//1_807_R%207780.PDF. [Accessed: 9 May 2010]. Devon and Cornwall Police. 2009. Road collision unit: definition of road traffic collision [Online]. Available at: http://www.devon-cornwall.police.uk/Traffic/CollisionUnit/Pages/default.aspx. [Accessed: 22 March 2010]. Donabedian A. 1978.The quality of medical care. Science(200), p.856-164. Federal Road safety corps. 2010. Vision, mission and statement [Online]. Available at http://www.frsc.gov.ng/vision.php. [Accessed: 22 March 2010]. Finch, D. J., Kompfer, P., Lockwood, C. R, et al. (1994). Speed, speed limits and accidents, TRL Project Report 58, TRL, Crowthorne. Jagaba, A. 2009. How a bill becomes law: an example of ICPC act [Online]. Available at: www.snsn.com.ng//50-how-a-bill-becomes-lawan-example-of-icpc-act-. [Accessed: 11 March 2010]. Lipsky, M. 1980. Street level bureaucracy: dilemmas of the individual in public services. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. McCombs, M., and Shaw, D. 1972. The agenda-setting function of the mass media. Public Opinion Quarterly (36), p 176-185. Nigeria Watch. 2007. First annual report on public violence 2006-2007. France: Institut de recherche pour le dà ©veloppement). Oxford University Press. 2010. English language teaching: bill [Online]. Available at: http://www.oup.com/oald-bin/web_getald7index1a.pl. [Accessed: 10 March 2010]. Policy and Nutrition. 2010. Obesity [Online]. Available at: http://courses.washington.edu/nutr531/lectures/Policy07.ppt. [Accessed: 10 March 2010]. Rosaler, M. 2005. Measles. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group. Sarma, A.B. 2007. Beliefs and Character: Theology and Ethics of Road Safety in Nigeria [Online]. Available at: www.tcnn.org/index_files/sarma.html. [Accessed: 11 March 2010]. Savan demographic map www.savan.org/diary_big.html. Schmeer, K. 2000. Stakeholder analysis guidelines: section 2 of policy toolkit for strengthening health reform. Partners for Health reform. Washington DC World Health Organisation. 2008. The global burden of disease: 2004 update [Online]. Available at: www.who.int//global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf. [Accessed: 8 March 2010]. World Health Organisation. 2009. Global report on road safety: time for action [Online]. Available at: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241563840_eng.pdf. [Accessed: 7 march 2010]. World Health Organization. 2009. WHO country cooperation strategy 2008-2013, Nigeria [Online]. Available at: www.afro.who.int//3340-country-cooperation-strategy-nigeria-2008-2013.html. [Accessed: 12 February 2010]. World Bank. 2010. World development indicators: population, Nigeria [Online]. Available at: www.google.com/publicdata. [Accessed: 10 March 2010]. Zaal, D. 1994. Traffic Law enforcement: a review of the literature [Online]. Available at: http://www.monash.edu.au †º MUARC †º Reports and brochures. [Accessed: 11 March 2010].

Models of Age and Disability

Models of Age and Disability Aging and disability Sonia STRENGTH BASED MODEL:- Strengths based practice is an approach to support that has a strong focus on the identification of people’s abilities, interests and capabilities and on their strengths and potential. Strengths based practice is largely founded on the work of Charles Rapp from the United States who founded the strengths model in relation to case management within the mental health sector. The main objective of this model is to analysis the health problems and issues of a client, support to a person in an appropriate way, find the needs of a client and the weaknesses of a client. More focus on the strengths of an individual. STRENGTHS:- Focus on the health and well-being of an individual It focuses on the client’s interests, skill and support systems. Identify the needs of an individual. Improve the quality of life. Builds the self-esteem and sense of competition WEEKNESSES:- Unrealistic goals. About only positive things. The weakness of the strength based model is that existing and potential abilities became the basis of classification and not the aspirations of individual. It is sometimes difficult to establish individual aspirations since it requires effective communication and not readily assessable. Many critics of the strength based approach points out the limitation to which abilities define the capability of the person to participate in the community. ASSESSMENT:- It focuses on people’s abilities and resiliencies and set their own goals, ambitions and solutions to difficult situations. Individual strengths and resources such as their passions, skills and interest in their relationships and environments. The goal of a comprehensive needs assessment is to determine an individual’s current abilities, resources, goals and needs. PLANNING:- Set their goals. Specific methods for setting up individual goals. Make a plan how to achieve their goals. Supports goals with resources from the individual and environment. CO-ORDINATION:- Improve availability, access and adaption of resources in the community. Professional/carer link up individual with available environment. The weakness of the strength based model is that existing and potential abilities became the basis of classification and not the aspirations of individual. It is sometimes difficult to establish individual aspirations since it requires effective communication and not readily assessable. Many critics of the strength based approach points out the limitation to which abilities define the capability of the person to participate in the community. Case Management Model In this model an imparted procedure of evaluation, arranging, assistance and promotion for choices and administrations are utilized to meet a customers all encompassing wishes through correspondence and existing assets to empower quality expense – successful results. This model has been utilized within an extensive variety of environment which incorporates however is not restricted to group administer to the matured, and individuals with inability and mental wellbeing issues. It requires an association to convey a far reaching scope of administrations based on the full appraisal that is utilized to create an administration plan. This model likewise concentrates on the decisions and inclination of the customers and the arrangement is produced upon it. Case administrators make arrangements and expert exercises that spill out of specific setting, project and customer populace. Normally center procedures to case administration are as per the following: screening, evaluation/hazard administration, forethought arranging, executing administrations course of action, observing, checking/assessment and promotion. Assessment There are a couple of similarities between the case administration model and the quality based model as it both respects the needs of the customers. On the off chance that organization show the essential focus is in the preoccupations of the customer as the case administrators urge the customers to go to relative activities and develop it so the inspiration driving the treatment is accomplished in the midst of gathering time. This model in like manner looks on the customers ability to do things in some degree and will endeavor to keep up their way of life however much as it can as they had it before the contamination and keep an element identity and bodies to the degree that could sensibly be required to help in the headway of the treatment. On the other hand there are various potential blocks in this model as the customers wellbeing may lessen due to wellbeing condition and poor environment conditions. Likewise the game plan will need to be changed in view of the conditions went up against by the customers and questionable circumstances. Planning The plan in this model is usually fixed unlike in strength based model because the client’s hobbies and preference are fixed and stable. Therefore the plan will be made for a long term goal to be achieved and it hardly be changed and the plan is not very detailed, it’s just as optional orientation. Coordinating In this model the coordination is between the case manager and the client as well as the relationship between other clients who participate in the same activity. Other consideration should be given to such as the client’s physical ability, elements like economy, climate, and etc. therefore the arraignments should be made in advance. Strengths and weaknesses of the case Management model This model is not difficult to be executed as it is focused around the necessity of the clients exercises as per their hobbies. It is great instrument to use to create both the psyche and the physical improvement of the client. The shortcoming of this model is that it could be effortlessly affected by the components like instability of the atmosphere and general physical state of the client and whatever possible individual issues on the clients part. Additionally this model cant be upgraded as it comes and it can influence the clients wellbeing and lessening the wellbeing state of the client. About whether as the clients wellbeing abatements a period will come when the client wont have the capacity to take an interest in the exercises as the arrangement is not being changed as per the advancement of the client. Perspective o the disability people It is one of the easiest models to use and it can be carried out easily in the client’s life because it is based on the client’s hobbies and preferences. This model will be continuingly developed during the practice in reality. It plays an important role in the recovery or dealing with the disabled people. The potential of the client will be found during the process of the treatment so there is a bright future of this model. Summary of the expected outcomes for the disabled In this model the clients life is intriguing notice satisfied than before as it focused around the distractions and the inclination of the client. It additionally creates the mental piece of the client. This model can additionally be utilized to make plans to the active recuperation. Then again this model will make the clients rely on upon the others for backing as it wont support clients in discovering an occupation to get by upon. Comparisons of the two models The quality built model primarily centers with respect to the customers qualities and capacities and makes an arrangement based upon that while case administration model concentrates on the leisure activities and inclination of the customers and sways them to go to relative exercises so the motivation behind the treatment is accomplished amid the group time. Then again case administration model is a bit like the quality based models as it both regards the needs of the clients. At the point when contrasting the arrangements in the models, the arrangement in the event that administration model is altered upon customers side interests and inclination though in quality based model the arrangement progressions as indicated by the advancement of the treatment. There are contrasts in the coordination part also. The quality based model will require a high coordination between the customer and case director while the case administration model obliges a decent coordination between the customer , case supervisor and alternate customers who are taking an interest in the movement. Customers with a mental objective can utilize quality based model and customers with physical needs can utilize case administration model.

The Main Categories of Market Structures Essay -- Economy Economics U.

The Main Categories of Market Structures Recent industry analyses typically have strong relation with economic theories. There is a theory, belongs to microeconomics, divides industries into categories according t the degree of competition that exists between the firms within the industry, i.e. the theory of Alternative Market Structures. This essay based on three questions divides into 3 parts to explain and evaluate the questions. This essay (PART A) outlines the main categories of market structures, and shows the theoretical features of two of them, i.e. Perfect Competition and Oligopoly. This essay (PART B) evaluates upon the most relevant structure in regard to the UK supermarket industry. This essay (PART C) shows the implications for the UK supermarket industry of the Morrison to take over Safeway. Additionally, in this essay, the spread conclusions of three parts are in their finalities that would be instead of the conclusion in the end of the whole essay. PART A Markets can be described in relation to their different levels of competitiveness. The different market structures are perfect competition, monopoly, oligopoly and monopolistic. For an overview of each structure's comparative characteristics. In this essay, it analyzes the two of them: Perfect Competition and Oligopoly. Perfect Competition is the most competitive kind of market structure. It is considered as an ideal form of economic organization for providing goods and services to consumers as efficiently as possible. Its characteristics are classified as follows: 1. There are many firms in the industry, thus an individual firm's contribution to total industry supply is so small that whether... ...ucture by the acquisition, that means the market will be made even harder for new shops, especially the small firms who may not have abilities to compete, offering a new shopping experience to enter the market. Because of the barriers, it causes some limitation on the customer choices. As above mentioned, the Competition CommissionÂ’s decision of acquisition by Morrisons of Safeway motivates the UK supermarket industry to be more monopolistic while maintaining the scope of competitiveness. Of course, there are a few potential problems that might express in next few years, when the competition is gradually reducing and balancing. --------------------------------------------------------------------- Works Cited [1] Source by Sloman & Sutcliffe, Economics for Business, 1998 [2] Source by IDC data, 2003 [3] Source by Competition Commission, 2004 The Main Categories of Market Structures Essay -- Economy Economics U. The Main Categories of Market Structures Recent industry analyses typically have strong relation with economic theories. There is a theory, belongs to microeconomics, divides industries into categories according t the degree of competition that exists between the firms within the industry, i.e. the theory of Alternative Market Structures. This essay based on three questions divides into 3 parts to explain and evaluate the questions. This essay (PART A) outlines the main categories of market structures, and shows the theoretical features of two of them, i.e. Perfect Competition and Oligopoly. This essay (PART B) evaluates upon the most relevant structure in regard to the UK supermarket industry. This essay (PART C) shows the implications for the UK supermarket industry of the Morrison to take over Safeway. Additionally, in this essay, the spread conclusions of three parts are in their finalities that would be instead of the conclusion in the end of the whole essay. PART A Markets can be described in relation to their different levels of competitiveness. The different market structures are perfect competition, monopoly, oligopoly and monopolistic. For an overview of each structure's comparative characteristics. In this essay, it analyzes the two of them: Perfect Competition and Oligopoly. Perfect Competition is the most competitive kind of market structure. It is considered as an ideal form of economic organization for providing goods and services to consumers as efficiently as possible. Its characteristics are classified as follows: 1. There are many firms in the industry, thus an individual firm's contribution to total industry supply is so small that whether... ...ucture by the acquisition, that means the market will be made even harder for new shops, especially the small firms who may not have abilities to compete, offering a new shopping experience to enter the market. Because of the barriers, it causes some limitation on the customer choices. As above mentioned, the Competition CommissionÂ’s decision of acquisition by Morrisons of Safeway motivates the UK supermarket industry to be more monopolistic while maintaining the scope of competitiveness. Of course, there are a few potential problems that might express in next few years, when the competition is gradually reducing and balancing. --------------------------------------------------------------------- Works Cited [1] Source by Sloman & Sutcliffe, Economics for Business, 1998 [2] Source by IDC data, 2003 [3] Source by Competition Commission, 2004

Gaza Diary :: essays research papers

A Gaza Diary   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A somewhat controversial publication by Chris Hedges, titled A Gaza Diary, illustrates to the reader his vivid experiences during his weeklong stay in what is know as the Gaza Strip. Hedges’s travels, with illustrator Joe Sacco, start in Jerusalem and proceeds down south through the Gaza strip to a Palestine camp refuge called Khan Younis, where they stay for the majority of the trip. They venture over to Mawasi, also a Palestine village, located on the coast. In both these locations he describes the constant unrest and turmoil that residents face everyday and every night.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hedges’s first entry has him in Beit Agron receiving his press pass and preparing for the dangerous trip ahead. While leaving he notes a man of Israeli Arabic descent that voices his opinion on the Palestinians and how they â€Å"are animals,† and that â€Å"†¦Israel is a land of love†¦Palestinians do not love†¦We should put fire to them.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  They proceed down the strip through gates and checkpoints. They meet up with Azmi Kashawi in Gaza City and make there way down to Abu Holi, a Israeli-controlled junction. At this junction Palestinian traffic is stopped until Jewish and Israeli troops are not in use of it. Sometimes they can wait up to hours or days and sometimes the gate is closed for long periods at a time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Later on that evening they arrive in Khan Younis. Hedges’s describes the refuge as a dense, concrete shantytown, with crude septic tanks at every house that can over flow into the dwellings. Drinking water is limited and dirty at best, and the mazes of houses that occupy the area are accompanied to layers of sand on anything and everything. The village is horseshoed by Israeli military posts that have guns pointed down onto the rooftops constantly. They converse with a born resident of Khan Younis named Fuad Faquawi. He runs the United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) for Palestinian Refugees in the village. As they speak, homemade mortars are sent up at the Israelis and groups of men and boys are out at the dunes throwing rocks at jeeps that patrol the Jewish settlement. Soldiers open fire and wound eight Palestinians. Boys are commonly found at the dunes daily, throwing rocks at the Israeli soldiers and get fired at. The Palestinian police are said to have given up on the holding the children back.

Olympics Essay -- essays research papers

The Olympics The Olympics are a huge sporting event that contains many different sports and consists of many different countries from around the world. Back in ancient Greece is where the ancient Olympics originated. It was primarily a part of a religious festival in honor of Zeus the father of Greek Gods and Goddesses. The Olympics where held at the sanctuary of Zeus at Olympia, which is in Western Peloponnesos. From 776 BC, the games took place at Olympia every 4 years for almost 12 centuries. In 776 BC the only event was the Stadion Race that was a foot race 600 feet long, Koroibos, a cook from Elis, won it. Additional athletic events were gradually added until; by the 5th century BC it was a 5-day program that consisted of three foot races, the pentathlon, boxing, wrestling, pankration, and the hoplitodromos. The Greeks that came to the Sanctuary of Zeus at Olympia shared the same religious beliefs and spoke the same language. There where no females in the Olympics at this time so all the athletes where males who came from every corner of the Greek world, as far as Iberia in the West and the Black Sea in the East. Although the ancient games where staged in Olympia, from 776 BC through 393 AD, it took 1503 years for the Olympics to return. The first modern Olympic games took place in Athens Greece in 1896. The man responsible for the rebirth was a Frenchman named Baron Pierre De Coubertin, who presented the idea in 1894. His original idea was to present the modern games in 1900 in his hometown Paris. But others were so enthusiastic with the idea that they convinced him to move it to 1896 and have Athens host it. There were many great athletes throughout the history of the Olympics, But where some of the athletes worthy of earning a prize worth a hefty amount of money. This question has came about a numerous amount of times. But the word Athlete is a Greek word that means â€Å"one who competes for a prize† and is also related to the Greek words athlos meaning â€Å"contest† and athlon meaning â€Å"prize†. According to the Roman author Plutarch, an Olympic victor who was a citizen of Athens could expect to receive in the year 600 BC a cash reward of 500 drachmai, a literal fortune. Later in Hellenistic periods, pensions for athletes became more formalized and could actually be bought and sold. But were the ancient Olympics just for men? Along with the athletic conte... .... Summer Winter 1896-Athens 1924-Chamonix 1900-Paris 1928-St.Moritz 1904-St.Louis 1932-Lake Placid 1908-London 1936-Garmisch-Partenkirchen 1912-Stockholm 1948-St.Moritz 1920-Antwerp 1952-Oslo 1924-Paris 1956-Cortina d’Ampezzo 1928-Amsterdam 1960-Squaw Valley 1932-Los Angeles 1964-Innsbruck 1936-Berlin 1968- Grenoble 1948-London 1972-Sapporo 1952-Helsinki 1976-Innsbruck 1956-Melbourne 1980-Lake Placid 1960-Rome 1984-Sarajevo 1964-Tokyo 1988-Calgary 1968-Mexico City 1992-Albertville 1972-Munich 1994-Lillehammer 1976-Montreal 1998-Nagano 1980-Moscow 2002-Salt Lake City 1984-Los Angeles 1988-Seoul 1992-Barcelona 1996-Atlanta 2000-Sydney 2004-Athens   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There is also statues up that are there to commemorate those who had been caught cheating or Bribing at the Olympic games. These were set up on the walkway leading from the heart of the altis to the vault that leads to the stadion, not by accident the path that leads to the entrance of the athletic competition.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Olympics are a great tradition and they will last a very long time just like its done in the past.

Scope of nursing

Expanding o r E panding your Scope of N rsing Nursing Practice – a practical g p guide Leanne Boase Deborah Pedron The Northern Hospital Panch Health Service Craigieburn Health Service Broadmeadows Health Service Bundoora Extended Care Centre Scope of Nursing and Midwifery Practice What is it? Why Wh is it so important? Why is everyone talking about it? Who manages it? Who is responsible? Aims of this Presentation To define what Scope of Practice means for Nurses and Midwives Midwives. 2. To present different concepts around Scope of Practice 3 To report on findings of a small survey of fldi nurses and Scope of Practice 4.To discuss expanding Scope of Practice and provide a framework 5. To relate these concepts to ‘real life' nursing roles. According to our nurses, Scope Of P ti (SOP) is: so sop Guidelines and Frameworks we need to abide and work within SOP relates to what I am allowed and not allowed to do within my profession SOP relates to codes of conduct, ethics and professional conduct SOP relates to what a nurse can do within their skill base Area of tasks, procedures and actions a nurse can legally and safely undertake according to their training and educationThe scope of which my role as a RN, specialist or credentialed DNE can work within Maintaining knowledge base and competency through constant learning and professional development Something which I am taught, qualified, taught qualified or competent to do What is Scope of Practice? â€Å"That which Nurses and â€Å"the range of roles, functions, functions responsibilities & activities, which a registered nurse or a registered midwife is educated, competent, and has the authority to perform † perform. (An Bord Altranais pl) Midwives are educated, competent and authorised to perform. (QNC p3) Scope of p practice is not defined in many places. We should define nursing practice and outline principles to assist with the expansion of one's scope of practice And/ Or Require the health professional to identify restricted activities.

The Hobbit Double Entry Journal Prompts

Nicholas Gang maven Ms. Sottas Double Entry ledger Prompts March 20, 2013 just workforce remembered diminished of all that, though some hush up sang archaic songs of the dwarf-kings of the messiness, Thror and Dragon, and the fall of the lords of Dale. (Tolkien 176) I hope I never ol featureory sensation the intent of apples again. (Tolkien 179) But the Master was non sorry at all to permit them go. They were expensive to keep, and their arrival had turned occasions into a long holiday in which art was a standsboulder c land. (Tolkien 185)Although the men keep lively old traditions in a late era, this refer symbolizes how the majority of liaisons subscribe to changed in this world. This invite protrude situates the dwarves in the present cartridge utili gossipr frame w here(predicate) power has shifted to evil forces, how the dwarves lost(p) control of their hoi polloi city, and a handle how old legendary maps dont so well in a modern environment. The men never rattling behave c are what it was desire to live in a meter where every unitary and everything b fetched harmoniously. After interpreting material this in the book, I immediately do a mental connection to a memory of the 6th grade.At the peak of the swine grippe epidemic, my school started to administer vaccines to protect the students against the dioceanse. I forgot to hand in a live with form to restrain them permission for a vaccine, so instead of set close toting a vaccine, I got the nasal mist in my beak. The nurse asked me what my favorite fruit was, and I replied umm.. apples non crawl ining what it was for, she made the midst goo they shot up my nose apple flavored. This was belike mavin of the weirdest popular opinions I involve ever experienced. Just same Fili, I did non want to smell apples for a long cadence.This excerpt I picked re capitulums me of a affair of the Odyssey. The specific spot I am referencing to is the Suitors. After l earn how expensive it is to produce company every regularise for an occasion, the connection I made amongst both pieces of literature simply emphasizes this fancy by giving to a greater extent evidence. Not at any treasure until the songs hold come unbowed (Tolkien 186) They beat on it, they thrust and pushed at it, they implored it to move, they spoke fragments of wiped show up(p) spells of opening, and nothing stirred. (Tolkien 190) Tomorrow begins the bear week of autumn. express Thorin iodin say. And winter comes aft(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) autumn, utter Bifur. And next year after that, say Dwalin, and our beards provide grow till they hang exhaust the cliff to the valley come out front anything happens here. (Tolkien 193) I purposely picked this iterate to talk about my reasoning of how these spoken communication relate to the current generation of music. thither is little or no rate of songs that atomic number 18 produced today that hang in h anest to the art of music. For starters, virtually songs today arent fifty-fifty made with real instruments. Secondly, to the highest degree all of the big quantify artists are auto-tuned.It isnt the strongest reference I gull made, unless I just grasst stand how the stuff they identify music is so grandly praised. As the group searches for the secret entrance Elrond has promised the dwarves establish on the map, their failure to open the access foreshadows further struggle. The group go out fit more forms of resistance, because this isnt rase the cudgel image of their luck they oerhear been unredeemed with. This ingeminate also shows the ofttimes reiterate g downwork of perseverance displayed finished and throughout the impertinent. The excerpt I presented here shows how the race against cadence is presented for the crew.This is because they do not cod everlastingly to complete their tasks. Since they drum agitated at how long parts of their quest take, it highlights qualities of the fairish Joe that they possess. They are not a group of godly, or immortal organismnesss. We saw them skim down to size similarly when they were detain by the wolves. The most that bottom be said for the dwarves it this they intended to pay Bilbo really handsomely for his services they had brought him to do a nasty billet for them. And they did not mind the poor little fellow doing it if he would buffalo chip they would all have through their best to arse about him out of trouble, if he got into it (Tolkien 196) I have absolutely no use for potassium bitartrate-guarded treasures and the livelong lot could stay here forever, if scarcely I could provoke up and dress this beastly turn over was my own front-hall at home (Tolkien 198) just straight rising from the near side of the edgy floor there is a big glow. The glow of the Smaug (Tolkien 200) I had to chew this summon up a little bit and ponder upon it. A side of the dwar ves that has not yet been shown is expressed here. I regard it is greed. The dwarves seem to be using Bilbo for his talents which get out up a hot thief. there isnt much to say about the dwarves if they employ Bilbo all along as their scapegoat. Bilbo speaks for himself in this abduce. He is not there to be someones tag along. He has a mind of his own and k instantaneouslys what is remedy and wrong. He also yearns for the safety and simplicity of his own home when thrown into the midst of a sticky situation. I buns say that Bilbo is a very convert being. I specifically picked this ack immediatelyledgment because we have hear of the dragon throughout the whole book, but this is the starting signal actual tonicity we have about Bilbos friction with the dragon archetypal hand.The dragon is envision as any other dragon from a mythical tale would be. The outset and most important trait being the dragon having firey breath. It is because of the dragons top executive to promote havoc that gives the story an kindle outcome. Now do be cautious whispered the hobbit, and as quiet as you can be There may be no Smaug at the bottom, but then again, there may be (Tolkien 215) Suddenly Bilbos arm went towards it haggard by its enchantment. His infinitesimal hand would not close about it, for it was a deep and heavy gem but he lifted it, shut his eyes and order it in his deepest pocket. (Tolkien 217) Hear, hear cried Bilbo, and flung himself on the g fatten. In the rock-chamber there would have been room for a hundred and there was a lowly chamber in the back. There they displace out all of their burdens. (Tolkien 224) I like this inverted comma because it emphasizes Bilbos resourcefulness. He thinks through every possible consequence sooner he acts. This is a very recyclable trait to have, especially for someone that is on an adventure where one silly fall away can ascend fatal. Acting so vigilantly testament later prove fruitful for Bilbo. This is a substantial quote in a rather small chapter. Here we are introduced to the turning mind of the story the Arken gem. This is just one of the a few(prenominal) treasures Bilbo retrieves. The arkenstone is one of the main reasons Thorin set out to reclaim what was once his ancestors. This quote also foreshadows Bilbos future resourcefulness. After renting the rest of the story, I noticed that the men start to reclaim what is theirs. It almost acts as a foreshadowing tool. The men, especially Thorin, k directly whats rightfully theirs and how it has been taken from them.It will sole(prenominal) be a bailiwick of time before they go back out if they can hold on to their newly conquered area. The King beneath the Mountain They shouted. His wealth is like the Sun, his silver like a fountain, his rivers meretriciousen run The river is running gold from the Mountain they cried, and everywhere windows were opening and feet were hurrying (Tolkien 226) Al havey men were jump ing into the weewee on every side. Women and children were being huddle together into laden boats in the market-pool. (Tolkien 228) Arrow Said the bowman. Black cursorI have saved you for last. You have never failed me and unendingly I have recovered you. I had you from my father and he from of old. If ever you came from the forges of the true king under the Mountain, go now and speed well (Tolkien 229) I taken this quote as a great example of dramatic irony. The towns plurality, who think the grand colored river in the distance is amassed wealth, are horribly wrong. The gold is in fact, a raging dragon ready to overthrow everything in its sight. Everyone starts to cry cheers of joy, when they should be weeping tears of sadness.From this quote, I perceived a very strong mental image. The quote shows the true wrath of the Smaug. At the time The Hobbit was written, 1930, women and children were put first in the suit of a disaster. For example, in the movie Titanic, one could see how women and children were loaded onto tone boats before men. Here in this quote, if men were the first ones to give up and jump into the pee, no one had a chance at survival by far. There would be no one to help others get on their way to safety. This quote stresses the theme of tradition throughout the story.Because the arrow was pass down from generations of old, it had a much higher(prenominal) importance. The archer believed the arrow had more experience seeing more time in battle situations. It is also interesting to read about how much faith was invested into his last shot. This excerpt also sparks my curiosity as to how the archer talks to the life-timeless arrow like an old friend. Now we will return to Bilbo and the dwarves. All night one of them had watched, but when morning came they had not heard or seen any sign of danger. But ever more thickly the birds were gathering.Their companies came move from the South and the crows that stock-still lives about the Mou ntain were wheeling and crying unceasingly higher up. (Tolkien 234) woo Thorin Why do you fence yourself like a robber in his hold? We are not yet foes, and we rejoice that you are alive beyond our hope. We came expecting to find non living here yet now that we are met there is matter for a parley and a council. (Tolkien 240) The whole place still stinks of dragon, he grumbled to himself, and it makes me sick. And cram is fount simply to stick in my throat. (Tolkien 243)I picked this quote to explain how the foreshadowing of Thorin reclaiming his ancestors mountain cabin wraps up. The dwarves are screen out in the mountain, and now they will have to hold off against whoever impressions cause to collect the dragons treasures. As the narrator switches points of views, he pictures birds thickly gathering. When you see something abnormal occur in nature, you get a feeling something bad is about to happen. This picture Tolkien painted compelled me to keep on reading. Expecting t he dwarves to be knackered, the humans and their allies have come to claim the dragons treasures.The humans specify no harm to the dwarves, and once they find them there they suggest they should split the riches. Thorin, feeling all of it is his buzz off very protective and abruptly declines. This is the first time in the novel I found Thorin to be so bold in his actions. Considering they cost him with an overly-polite Hail Thorin , I think he should have gave them a small manage for slaying the dragon. Although I am not in the situation personally, I couldnt say what I would suggest. After in conclusion r to each oneing what his whole journey was dictated off of, he would need time to make a decision.I find quote humorous and ironic. Thus because Thorin wanted to detain close to his newly acquired treasures, and now he has to being that the mountain is besieged. Now, Thorin has had enough of the mountain when the fun just started. Now the years passed slowly and wearily. Many of the dwarves spent their time piling and ordering the treasure and now Thorin spike of the Arkenstone of Thrain, and bade them eagerly to look for it in every corner. (Tolkien 244) I am banal of stairs and stone passages. I would give a good select for the feel of grass at my toes.I would give a good deal for the feel of strong drink in my throat, and for a soft bed after a good supper (Tolkien 246) All in good time said Gandalf. Things are bill of exchange towards the end now, unless I am mistaken. There is an unpleasant time just in front of you but keep your burden up You may come through all right. There us tidings brewing that not even ravens have heard. Good night (Tolkien 249) This is one of my most favorite examples of dramatic irony I came across in the novel. Thorin is searching for the Arkenstone restlessly.What he doesnt know is that Bilbo swiftly retrieved it on one of his first adventures into the mountain. At one point Bilbo gets worried after Thorin says he would put his life on the stone to get it back. Bilbo doesnt want a conflict to erupt in the midst of the tercet races. The dramatic irony throughout this novel up to this point made it much more fun to read. Eventually Bilbo is tired of sticking it out in the mountain. He longs for him humble life so he takes matters into his own hands. Offering the Arkenstone, something so semiprecious to his expedition, to avoid conflict is something that was just in his nature.An action like this was very intrepid for him, but he knew what he require to do. In this quote, Gandalf is congratulating Bilbo on a job well done, yet not to become complacent because it is not all over yet. I think that it is essential Gandalf apprehended Bilbos actions of bravery and how he carries out what he believes in with such finesse. Bilbo gets harebrained because of Gandalfs compliments, and I felt up well-chosen for him. By the beard of Durin I regard I had Gandalf here Curse him for his sel ect of you May his beard wither As for you I will throw you to the rocks He cried and lifted Bilbo into his arms.Stay Your wish is granted said a voice. The old man with the close in threw aside his hood and cloak. Here is Gandalf And none too soon it seems. If you dont like my Burglar, please dont damage him. Put him down, and listen first to what he has to say (Tolkien 250-251) The Goblins are upon you Bolg of the sexual union is coming, O Dain Whose father you slew in Moria. Behold The bats are above his army like a sea of locusts. (Tolkien 255) It was a terrible battle. The most dire of all Bilbos experiences, and the one which at the time he hated most. (Tolkien 257)This quote that I picked only further emphasizes the fact that Gandalfs and Bilbos views correspond with each other. Nothing bad can really result from a duo with otherworldly powers and great resourcefulness. I also take account how Gandalf cuts Thorin down to size. I believe that the riches he sits upon g ot to his head and now he somewhat corrupt. In this part of the book, we are introduced to a new character, Bolg of the North. harmonise to the book, Bolg is the son of Azog. This is very interesting because front in the book we learned Azog was the hob who killed Thorins grandfather, Thror.This reminds me of the short story we read earlier in the year, The Interlopers, and how the hostility remained between the generations of family. This explanation of the battle given on the account of Bilbo really made me view the degree of severity in which it occurred. If this was worse than Bilbos experience of being pursue up a tree by wolves and then having it slowly burnt down with him stuck up there, then this battle must(prenominal) have been pretty bad. I would have to say it was by far Bilbos nightmare occurring in reality. When Bilbo came to himself, he was literally by himself (Tolkien 261) There indeed lay Thorin Oakenshield, wounded with many wounds, and his rent fit out and notched ace were cast upon the floor. He looked up as Bilbo came beside him. Farewell, good theif, he said. I go now to the halls of time lag to sit beside my fathers, until the world is renewed. Since I precede now all gold and silver, and go where it is of little worth, I wish to part in friendship with you, and I would take back my words and deeds at the Gate. (Tolkien 262) So comes snow after fire, and even dragons have their ending said Bilbo, and he turned his back on his adventure.The Tookish part was getting very tired, and the Baggins was daily getting stronger. I wish now only to be in my own armchair he said (Tolkien 268) This statement, which opens up the 18th chapter, highlights the life of solitude Bilbo longed for the whole time he was away from his ascetic life. Tolkien shows how he was compel to cope by himself with no one there for him as they were either dead or in hiding. I felt a lot of sympathy here for Bilbo because he was always there to lend a hand t o everyone else but in this instance, no one was there for him.Thrown in a much different situation, Thorin acts in all different towards Bilbo. Even though I disliked Thorin a lot since the ascendent of the book, I looked at his character with a lot more respect after he parted by do amends with everyone especially Bilbo. Bilbo definitely merited an apology and I revere Thorin for delivering it. I noticed that as time went on in the book, Bilbo kept longing for his hobbit hole. Since his Tookish rake that has longed for adventure is now satisfied, he ask time to recover from everything he has seen and experienced.Now supply and fired by the drive to get home, nothing is going to stop Bilbo. He is now a much stronger, wiser, and smashing hobbit. The dragon is withered, his bones are now crumbled His armour is shivered, His splendor is humbled though sword shall be rusted, And throne and coronate perish With strength that men rely And wealth that they cherish, Here grass i s still growing, And leaves are yet swinging, The white water flowing, And elves are yet singing enumerate Tra-la-la-lally Come back to the valley (Tolkien 269) signalise Me Whats going on? He cried.There was a great commotion and people of all sorts, respectable and unrespectable, were thick round the door, and many were going in and out not even wiping their feet on the mat, as Bilbo noticed with annoyance. (Tolkien 274) Thank goodness said Bilbo laughing, and handed him the tobacco-jar. (Tolkien 276) This excerpt, the elves being the speakers behind it, say these lines in song. This quote shows how the slaying of the dragon and triumph over the goblins and Wargs not only positively affected Bilbo and the dwarves, but life in all of the lands. Because of their brave actions, everyone can now live much more peacefully.In this quote, Bilbo finally returns home. Hes been round the world and back literally only to find his belongings are being auctioned off to strangers. If I was in Bilbos situation I would have probably gone berserk and thrown everyone out, one by one. I couldnt even have imagined such a thing happening to Bilbo. If there was one thing I can see Bilbo condole with about is his good ol pipe and tobacco. These devil items are the perfect combination to comfort down and relax such a humble hobbit like Bilbo. I laughing(prenominal) that at least his pride wasnt stripped from him at his homecoming. Bilbo has returned at last.