Analysis of Psychoanalysis, Behaviorism, and Humanism

Analysis of analytic intellection, behaviouristic psychology, and HumanismPsychoanalysis, Behaviorism, HumanismDOROTHY ASHTONAbstractThis assignment discusses the historical brass tacks of tether most important schools of contemplation within the theater of operations of psychology Psychoanalysis, Behaviorism, and Humanism. I will be using these particular theories and concepts to understand a particular case scenario. It also compares and contrasting the strengths and the limitations of each hypothesis.School of PsychoanalysisPsychoanalysis began as a tool for improving poignant anguish its a therapy technique for education about the psyche, and also a expressive style of appreciative the process of customary on a daily basis mental implementation and the stages of normal expansion from formative years to elderly age. The opinion of psychotherapy first started to receive serious attention under Sigmund Freud in Vienna in the 1890s. Freud was a neurologist trying to find an valuable vigilance for patients with neurotic or uproarious symptoms. Freuds normal mind theory was collected of three elements the id, the ego and the superego. The id is composed of primordial urges, while the ego is the construction block of moral fiber, thought-provoking with dealing with authenticity. The superego is the component of individuality that holds all of the ethics and principles we pick up on from our parents and culture. Freud understood to facilitate the communication of these three elements was what led to all of the multifaceted mankind behaviors.Anna Freuds contri thoions to psychology were the field of child analytic thinking and her run away contribute greatly to our understanding of child psychology. The mass of Annas education was from her father Sigmund Freuds friends and associates.Carl Jung determined to learn medication but urbanized a interest in divine phenomena. His attraction with animate and theology led him into the field of psychiatry tha t he viewed as a amalgamation of his interests. I know that Jungs theory created major criticism and his get going left extraordinary blow on psychology. One of his concepts was intr everyplacesion and extraversion contributed to character psychology and also predisposed psychotherapy. He gave recommendation on serene affliction from alcoholism led to the arrangement of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) that helped millions of citizens anguish from alcohol reliance.Erikson depleted moment in time learning the edifying life of the southwesterly Dakota and in northern California. Erik utilizes the comprehension he earned of edifying, ecological, and societal influences to press forward amplify his psychoanalytic speculation. Freuds conjecture had paying attention on the psychosexual portions of adulthood, Eriksons accumulation of other influences helped to fit wider and increase psychoanalytic hypothesis. He in addition contributed to our sympathetic of individuality as it is urbanized and work in excess of the path of the natural life. Eriks annotations of offspring also helped set the arena for promote follow a line of exploration.This bind by Christopher Spera A Review of the Relationship Among Parenting Practices, Parenting Styles, and Adolescent School Achievement, debates over some(prenominal) studies that have a correlation on parental involvement and monitoring. The socialization growth is bidirectional in that parents convey socialization messages to their children, but their children vary in a level of acceptance, receptivity, and internalization of these messages (Grusec et al.,2000) (C Spera, 2005) Authoritative parenting styles are often associated with higher levels of pupil achievement, although these findings are not consistent across culture, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status.) (C. Spera, 2005) the majority of Freuds own contributions that were highly contentious in his time, is now everyday ideas in our world. psychoanalytical contributions t o the modern experience and culture didnt end with Freuds death in fact I think that it will last for centuries to come.School of BehaviorismWhen it comes to the concept of behaviorism I often think about the most prominent quote by John B. WatsonGive me a dozen well infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and Ill guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-chief and, yes, even beggar-man and thief, regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race of his ancestors. John Watson, Behaviorism, 1930The School of Behaviorism was founded by John B. Watson. He believed that a persons behavior can be measured, trained, and changed. The focus is placed on philosophical/theoretical underpinnings of behavior analysis. Behavior analysis intangible foundation is described as radical behaviorism, which is characterized by the postulation that behavi or can be studied using innate science methods. The behaviorist ceremonial of verbal behavior emphasizes the functional nature of language and the continuation of rule ascendancy in charitable behavior. The major concepts and theories within the school of behaviorism embarrass cognitive psychology, constructivism, social constructivism, experimental learning, multiple intelligence, and situated learning theory. The major thinkers that influenced behaviorism were John B. Watson, Ivan Pavlov, B.F. Skinner, Edward Thorndike, and Clark Hull.Ivan Pavlov wasnt a psychologist and was said to dislike the field altogether, but his work had a major influence on behaviorism. Pavlov made a breakthrough on reflexes influenced the growing behaviorism movement and was known to be cited in John B. Watsons writings. The work that I associate with Pavlovs work is his study of conditioning as a structure of knowledge. B.F. Skinner was a unlimited novelist, publishing practically 200 articles and m ore than 20 books. Skinners work of operant conditioning is still considered imperative in the present day. This technique is used by mental health professionals. In his own way Skinner left a remarkable legacy on psychology on with other fields ranging from philosophy to education. Edward Thorndike was strongly associated with functionalism. Thorndikes contribution to psychology was considered to be the father of modern day educational psychology and published several books on the subject. He is also known for his animal experiments and for the law of effect. Clark Hull contributions to psychology of drive reduction theory served as a general theory of learning for other researchers. His theory was a broader version of social learning and imitation without the motivating stimuli needing to the choice needs of an organism. Hulls theories were a leading influence in American psychology.Parenting involves bidirectional interaction linking groups of two or more generations can length en all the way in the course of all or first of all parts of the particular life spans of those groups may fit into place all institutions within a way of life, including educational, economic, political, and social ones and is surrounded in the explanation of peopleas that history occurs within the ordinary and ingenuous settings within which the assemblage lives. If I wanted to give an example of how the school of behaviorism shape and influence societal thinking I would talk about how students join together classroom environments with their teachers caring mannerisms, and through classical conditioning, gain knowledge of to act in response to the school with encouraging emotions. Teachers can also improve student feelings of competency by modeling effort and perseverance, also reinforcing authentic undertakings. Reasonably, then, designed in cooperation adolescents and their caregivers, teens is a time of exhilaration and of fretfulness of contentment and of quandary of innovat ion and of incomprehension and of timeouts with the precedent and up till now of associations with the future. Those individuals who are members of civilizing minorities can also suffer as role models. I would have to give an example of Arnold Schwarzenegger idolizing a famous body builder and eventually rose to fame as the worlds top body builder career.School of HumanismHumanism was developed in response to Freuds psychoanalysis and behaviorism. While near the beginning schools of humanism were for the most part centered on anomalous human behavior, human-centeredic psychology differed considerably in its emphasis to helping people achieve and contact their potential. Humanistic, humanism and humanist are vocabulary in psychology concerning to an approach which studies the whole person, and the distinctiveness of each human being.Fundamentally, this vocabulary refers to the same advance in psychology. Humanism is a psychological approach that emphasizes the study of the entire person. Humanistic psychologists look at human behavior not only through the look of the spectator, but through the eyes of the person doing the behaving. Humanism is a philosophical and ethical bearing that emphasizes the importance and society of human beings, in isolation and hand and glove and generally prefers critical thinking and verification (rationalism, empiricism) over time-honored set of guidelines or devotion (fideism). The major theorist of humanism is Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers.Abraham Maslow contributions to psychology focused aspects of human nature that were considered abnormal. His interest in human potential, seeking peak experiences and improving mental health by seeking personal growth had a persistent lasting influence on psychology. You can say that growing interest was in positive psychology. Maslow even created a pyramid chart listing human hierarchy of needs. 1. Physiological- Human survival- breathing, food, water, sex, sleep, homeostasis, excretio n 2. Safety- Security- Morality, Family, Health, Property 3. Love and Belongings- Emotional needs- Friendship, Family, Sexual Intimacy 4. Esteem- Respect- Self- Esteem, confidence, achievement, respect of others, respect by others 5. Self-Actualization- Human Achievement- Morality, Creativity, Spontaneity, Problem Solving, Lack of Prejudice, acceptation of Facts.Carl Rogerss contribution to psychology was also in human potential. Rogers had major influence on psychology and education. Carl Rogers is mostly considered as an influential psychologist of the 20th deoxycytidine monophosphate by other psychologist. The variety of humanistic psychotherapy are concepts from profundity rehabilitation, holistic wellbeing, falter upon groups, empathy training, matrimonial and relatives unit therapy, body labor, the existential psychotherapy. The five basic main beliefs of humanistic psychology areHuman beings, as human, take the place of the sum of their parts. They cant be condensed to com ponents.Human beings have their survival in a distinctively human context, as well as in a celestial bionetwork.Human beings are alert and are attentive of being aware i.e., they are conscious. Human realization constantly includes an knowledge of oneself in the context of additional people.Human beings have the capability to make choices and for that debate have accountability.Human beings are deliberate, aspire at goals, are responsive that they cause potential events, and inquire about meaning, importance, and vision.Strengths LimitationsWhen it comes to the differences in theories, I find that the behaviorism theory flaw is that it became unpopular and unable to hold up to scrutiny in its historical time period. When I compare the theory to Freuds psychoanalysis theory I acknowledge that it cant just be one or the other. You need both nature and nurture in run to be complete. The only thing that I find creditable when it comes to the humanistic approach is its positive affi rmations to get students confidence and competence where its considered at to the lowest degree to be in the normal range.Case StudyIn this particular case we have a woman named Judy who is a 29-year-old single woman sledding to college. Judy has a very challenging personality she constantly deals with high nervous tension job while she is completing her 2nd year as a medical resident in a large hospital. Judy has always been an over achiever. She has finished with top honors in both college and medical school. She has very high principles that she lives by and becomes her worse self critic when she fails to meet them. Lately, she has been struggling with momentous feelings of unimportance and embarrassment due to her incapability to carry out as sound as she constantly has in the precedent.Its my opinion, I will give you three different perspectives of the results from the schools of thought.A psychoanalyst would say that Judy is having issues with one the three elements, id, ego , and superego. Since Judy has extremely high mindset about what she fines acceptable. Freud would probably think that Judy is suffering from some type of hysteria. I would think that a behaviorist would say that Judy is having issues with her behavior. I think that a humanist would say that Judy is having issues with motivation and even though she has high competence in the topic.In Judys case the school of psychoanalysis and behaviorism would not be completely recyclable. Psychoanalysis can help determine what is happening in the unconscious mind but it wont solve the issue. Behaviorism could perhaps observe the issue and even attempt to use conditioning methods to solve the problem. The humanistic approach attempt to help with positive reinforcement. This would be the most useful approach because its used to help students be successful.I think that Humanism would be the right school of thought for Judys case. Humanistic psychology is a psychological perspective that emphasizes the study of the whole person. This particular school of thought could be correctly used by a teacher in Judys school. The teacher could use a student-centered method to help Judy not just with academic but also the psychological need to get depressed over not getting the grades that she was ultimately expecting but not receiving.(positive emotions) When it comes to behaviorism Judy could be conditioned but it is just covering up the problem. Psychoanalysis could help Judy work through her issues but it wouldnt do anything to help prevent the incident from happening again.ConclusionIn my opinion, the concepts of the different types of schools of thought gave everyone a chance to carry their opinions on what is considered important. Freuds concept of the normal mind was very important to his life research. B.F. Skinners and John Watsons hypothesis of the person can become anything they swear with hard work and growing up in the right environment wasnt taken as seriously in the pub lic eye as it should have but B.F. Skinners operant conditioning method had a lasting impact on society. Humanism didnt gain a huge beat of support in the past but gave us a wonderful starting point to positive psychology.ReferencesChristopher Spera in Educational Psychology Review (2005) http//link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10648-005-3950-1Richard M. Lerner, E. Ree Noh, and Clancie Wilson. 1998 http//parenthood.library.wisc.edu/Lerner/Lerner-bib.htmlBurrhus Frederic Skinner. (2014). http//www.biography.com/people/bf-skinner-9485671.An Introduction to Maslows Hierarchy of NeedsAbraham MaslowBenjamin, Jr., L. T. (2014). A brief history of modern psychology (2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ Wiley and Sons.